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Large studies show that the risk of major congenital anomalies in IVF children is slightly higher than in naturally conceived children, about 1.3 to 1.5 times, but the absolute risk remains low at about 3% to 5%. This difference may be related to parental infertility factors, such as advanced age or poor sperm or egg quality, and multiple pregnancy, rather than IVF technology itself. Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) can help select chromosomally normal embryos and reduce the risk of some genetic diseases. However, every pregnancy carries a baseline risk of congenital abnormalities. If you have questions about a specific genetic disease or embryo screening, consult a reproductive medicine specialist.