### Introductory Guide to Third-Party Assisted Reproduction (Surrogacy) Policy and Process in the United States In the United States, the legal framework for third-party assisted reproduction, or surrogacy, varies by state and there is no unified federal law. Some states, such as California and Illinois, are surrogacy-friendly, with clear legal support and regulation that allows commercial surrogacy and protects intended parents' parental rights. Other states, such as New York and Michigan, have strict restrictions or bans. Overall, the U.S. surrogacy environment is relatively mature, but policies may change at any time, so it is important to verify the latest laws in the target state before planning. The basic process usually includes choosing a legally qualified surrogacy agency or attorney; obtaining legal consultation to confirm applicable state law; completing medical screening, psychological evaluation, and legal agreements between intended parents and the surrogate, such as a surrogacy contract; creating embryos through in vitro fertilization (IVF) and transferring them to the surrogate; completing regular medical monitoring during pregnancy; and finally establishing the intended parents' legal parentage through court procedures after birth. The main eligible groups include heterosexual couples unable to carry a pregnancy for medical reasons, single individuals, and LGBTQ+ partners. In general, intended parents must meet basic requirements for age, health, and financial capacity, while surrogates usually need a healthy pregnancy history, no major illness, and psychological and legal review. It is important to note that surrogacy may be limited to medically necessary situations, and some states impose specific restrictions on intended parents' identity. Risks and considerations include legal disputes, such as a surrogate changing her mind or parentage issues, medical complications, high potential costs, such as legal, medical, and surrogate compensation expenses, which vary by case, and legal conflicts in interstate or international cases. Intended parents should fully understand the target state's laws and engage professional legal and medical advisors to reduce uncertainty. Relevant laws and policies may change at any time. Specific requirements are subject to the country's latest regulations. Consult professional legal and medical advisors.