Знания | Сниженный овариальный резерв: причины и лечение снижения женской фертильности

Знания | Сниженный овариальный резерв: причины и лечение снижения женской фертильности

Сниженный овариальный резерв (DOR) означает, что яичники производят меньше яйцеклеток и что эти яйцеклетки обладают более низким репродуктивным потенциалом. This directly affects фертильность and makes беременность more difficult. An estimated 10%–30% of бесплодие patients have DOR.

1. Симптомы and Причины of Diminished Яичниковый Reserve

A женская has about 6 million eggs in the ovaries at birth, but only several hundred thousand remain by puberty. Research shows that фертильность begins to decline around age 25 and falls further between 25 and 40, mainly because egg quantity and quality decrease with age.

Other potential causes of DOR include:

Яичниковый surgery, such as surgery for endometriosis

Курение

Генетические аномалии

Invasive medical лечение such as radiation therapy for cancer

In some cases, DOR has no apparent cause.

Симптомы of Diminished Яичниковый Reserve

As egg production and quality decline, menstrual cycles may become shorter with age and further loss of яичниковый reserve. Eventually, as menopause approaches, беременность will no longer be possible.

2. Яичниковый Reserve Testing

Яичниковый reserve testing is the only way to diagnose DOR. It usually includes blood tests and ultrasound to assess the number of eggs in the ovaries. Although important for diagnosis, these tests cannot accurately predict whether беременность will occur.

Анализы крови: The most common approach measures certain hormone levels. Estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are usually measured on day three of the menstrual cycle. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is associated with egg quantity but cannot directly predict фертильность.

Women with higher day-three hormone levels generally have lower беременность rates with hormone лечение or in vitro fertilization (IVF) than women of the same age with normal levels.

УЗИ: A doctor may recommend transvaginal ultrasound at the start of the menstrual cycle. It counts small яичниковый follicles measuring 2–10 millimeters to estimate the available egg supply.

3. Лечение for Diminished Яичниковый Reserve

No known лечение can slow яичниковый aging or loss of function. However, common лечениеs may improve the chance of conception.

Сохранение яйцеклеток: After DOR is diagnosed, a doctor may recommend retrieving and freezing eggs for future use. Success is more likely at a younger age.

Донорские яйцеклетки и IVF: During IVF, high-dose hormones may be used to stimulate the ovaries. If this is unsuccessful, donor eggs may be recommended. These are usually donated by women in their 20s. Donor eggs can substantially improve беременность rates for women with DOR.

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